Some studies suggest that E helps to possibly prevent cataracts, and it might be yet another factor in preventing macular degeneration (AMD).In the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) involving nearly 5,000 people, researchers found a 25 percent lower risk of developing advanced stages of AMD when a nutritional formula including vitamin E was taken.
How much vitamin E do you need? The U.S. Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for adults and children of ages 14 or older is 15 mg per day — the equivalent of 22.5 IU. For women who are breastfeeding, the RDA is 19 mg (28.5 IU). As is true with vitamins A and C, if you smoke, you should plan to consume extra vitamin E.
It’s logical that vitamin E might help prevent heart disease because of its antioxidant properties (free radicals are believed to be a factor in atherosclerosis), but supplements have not proved helpful. In 2008, the Physicians’ Health Study II produced negative results: Among more than 14,000 male doctors taking high doses of vitamin C or E for eight years, neither supplement reduced heart attacks, strokes or cardiovascular deaths.
Vitamin supplements, including vitamin E, have not proved protective, according to a 2007 study funded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Smokers who took E supplements actually had a slightly higher risk of lung cancer.
While some early studies suggested a protective effect, more recent research has not. In 2008, the important Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT), which involved 35,000 men, found no benefit over five years.In 2011, after three more years of follow-up, researchers found that the men who had taken vitamin E (400 IU a day of the synthetic form) had a 17 percent increased risk of prostate cancer, compared to those taking a placebo; this was published in theJournal of the American Medical Association.
This finding has not been replicated in other research. According to a Cochrane Collaboration review in 2008, there is no convincing evidence that E supplements can prevent or treat cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease.
Three national surveys—the 2001–2002 NHANES [9], NHANES III (1988–1994) [9], and the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (1994–1996) [10]—have found that the diets of most Americans provide less than the RDA levels of vitamin E.
Category
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol): Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
in milligrams (mg) and International Units (IU)
CHILDREN
1-3 years
6 mg/day (9 IU)
4-8 years
7 mg/day (10.4 IU)
9-13 years
11 mg/day (16.4 IU)
FEMALES
14 years and up
15 mg/day (22.4 IU)
Pregnant
15 mg/day (22.4 IU)
Breastfeeding
19 mg/day (28.5 IU)
MALES
14 years and up
15 mg/day (22.4 IU)
The tolerable upper intake levels of a supplement are the highest amount that most people can take safely. Higher doses might be used to treat vitamin E deficiencies. But you should never take more unless a doctor says so.
Category
(Children & Adults)
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) of
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol)
in milligrams (mg) and International Units (IU)
1-3 years
200 mg/day (300 IU)
4-8 years
300 mg/day (450 IU)
9-13 years
600 mg/day (900 IU)
14-18 years
800 mg/day (1,200 IU)
19 years and up
1,000 mg/day (1,500 IU)
Because vitamin E is fat-soluble, supplements are best absorbed with food.
Many claims have been made about vitamin E’s potential to promote health and prevent and treat disease. The mechanisms by which vitamin E might provide this protection include its function as an antioxidant and its roles in anti-inflammatory processes, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and immune enhancement.A primary barrier to characterizing the roles of vitamin E in health is the lack of validated biomarkers for vitamin E intake and status to help relate intakes to valid predictors of clinical outcomes [6].
DISCLAIMER: This video is for educational and informational purposes only. While we have tried to ensure that the information is sound and accurate, we cannot guarantee its accuracy. The information in this video should not be substituted for professional medical advice and opinions. If you are experiencing any ailments, serious or otherwise, always seek professional medical treatment and advice.
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